Emerald, the green variety of Beryl, is colored by the element chromium and vanadium found in the chemical structure of the gemstone. Emerald is mined in Columbia and Brazil of which Columbia`s Muzo mine produces the most prized Emeralds. Emerald has been recognized as a precious gemstone for centuries and collected for its beautiful rich green color. Classified as a Type III gemstone means the stone is subject to inclusions and feathering which have been fondly referred to as `jardin` meaning garden. Emerald was traded in one of the earliest known gem markets in Babylon circa 4000 B.C.